The plants were first discovered by Jaroslav Procházka in 1995 and were described by V. Šorma as Gymnocalycium prochazkianum in the journal Gymnofil in 1999. The epidermis of the characteristic plants is coated with a gray, frosty film. Specimen appear in the province of Cordoba in Argentina, around Quilino, at a height of 450 to 750 metres. They grow among light Chaco vegetation, on slight elevations of ground that is interspersed with rock.